Table of Contents
End Title CO2 Monitoring
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
Infrared Capnometer
Two Types
Patient interface
Mainstream Capnography Sensor
Mainstream
Sidestream
Sidestream
Calibration
Where it’s used
Basic Shape at 12.5 mm/sec
End Tidal Value
Exhale PQR, Inhale RS
Segments
Inhale
Trend Speed 25 mm/min
Normal Waveform
Different than Normal
Expiratory Airflow Problem
Expiratory Airflow Problem
Possible Cause
Normal Waveform
Curare Cleft
Cause of Curare Cleft
Cardiac oscillations
CAUSE of Cardiac oscillations
Camel Capnogram
Cause of Camel Capnogram
Leak in the system
Leak
High end tidal CO2
High end tidal CO2 during Anesthesia ventilation
High CO2 Long E time
High CO2 Long E time
High end tidal with increased rate
Look at the Shape
Possible causes of High end tidal with increased rate
High end tidal with increased rate
Low end tidal
Look at the Shape
Possible causes of Low end tidal with Normal rate
Another Possible cause
Low end tidal increased rate
Look at the Shape
Possible causes of Low end tidal with Increased rate
Sigh Breath
Sudden drop
Causes Sudden drop
Water contamination, Calibration Co2 absorber
Cheyne-Stokes
Cyclic Transition from Cheyne-Stokes to normal
Exponential decrease
Causes of Exponential decrease
Gradual increase
Cause of Gradual Increase
Sudden Increase
Causes of Sudden Increase
Upward shift in baseline
Cause of Upward shift in baseline
Gradual Lowering
Causes of Gradual Lowering
Monitor Failure (ECG ,Pleth, BP)
Monitor Failure
Leak or problem with capnograph
Possible Causes
See next Slide
Description of previous slide
Possible causes all bad
Cardiac Arrest
Capnometry during Weaning
Predictive value of PETCO2
Hypoventilation
Indicators
PPT Slide
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